Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, u-EmilFischer, owawina uMklomelo KaNobel kuKhemistry ngo-1901, wahlanganisa ngokokuqala i-dipeptide ye-glycine, eveza ukuthi isakhiwo sangempela se-peptide sakhiwe ngamathambo e-amide.Ngemva konyaka, waphakamisa izwi”i-peptide”, eyaqala ucwaningo lwesayensi lwe-peptide.

Ama-amino acid ake abhekwa njengeyunithi encane kakhulu yomzimba'Ukumuncwa kokudla kwamaprotheni, kuyilapho ama-peptide aqashelwa kuphela njengokubola kwesibili kwamaprotheni.Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nomsoco, ososayensi bathole ukuthi ngemva kokuba amaprotheni egaywe futhi abola, ezimweni eziningi, ama-peptide amancane akhiwa ama-amino acid angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 amuncwa ngokuqondile amathumbu amancane omuntu, futhi ukumuncwa kuphakeme kunalokho. i-amino acid eyodwa.Abantu baqaphela kancane kancane ukuthi i-peptide encane ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni, futhi umsebenzi wayo ubambe iqhaza kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.

I-Peptide iyi-polymer ye-amino acid, futhi iwuhlobo lwenhlanganisela phakathi kwe-amino acid namaprotheni, futhi iqukethe ama-amino acid amabili noma angaphezu kwamabili axhumene komunye nomunye ngeketanga le-peptide.Ngakho-ke, ngethemu elilodwa, singacabanga ukuthi i-peptide ingumkhiqizo wokubola ongaphelele wamaprotheni.

Ama-peptide akhiwa ama-amino acid ngendlela ethile exhunywe iketango le-peptide.

Ngokwe-nomenclature eyamukelwe, ihlukaniswe yaba ama-oligopeptides, i-polypeptide namaprotheni.

I-Oligopeptide yakhiwe ngama-amino acid angama-2-9.

I-Polypeptide yakhiwe ngama-amino acid ayi-10-50.

Iphrotheni iphuma ku-peptide eyakhiwe ngaphezu kwama-amino acid angama-50.

Kwakuwumbono wokuthi lapho amaprotheni engena emzimbeni, futhi ngaphansi kwesenzo sochungechunge lwama-enzyme okugaya emgudwini wokugaya ukudla azogayeka abe yi-polypeptide, i-oligopeptide, futhi ekugcineni abola abe ama-amino acid amahhala, futhi ukumuncwa komzimba kumaprotheni kungaba kuphela. kwenziwa ngendlela yama-amino acid amahhala.

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi yesimanje yezinto eziphilayo kanye nezakhi, ososayensi bathole ukuthi i-oligopeptide ingamuncwa ngokuphelele amathumbu, futhi kancane kancane yamukelwe abantu njengoba abathwali bohlobo lwe-oligopeptide I kanye nohlobo lwe-II bahlanganiswa ngempumelelo.

Ucwaningo lwesayensi luthole ukuthi i-oligopeptide inendlela yokumunca ehlukile:

1. Ukumuncwa ngqo ngaphandle kokugaya.Inefilimu evikelayo ebusweni bayo, engeke ibe ngaphansi kwe-enzymatic hydrolysis ngochungechunge lwama-enzyme ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla komuntu, futhi ingena ngokuqondile emathunjini amancane ngendlela ephelele futhi imuncwa amathumbu amancane.

2. Ukumuncwa okusheshayo.Ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi imfucuza noma indle, nokulungisa amaseli alimele.

3. Njengebhuloho elithwala impahla.Dlulisela zonke izinhlobo zemisoco kumaseli, izitho nezinhlangano emzimbeni.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ukudla kanye nezimonyo ngokumuncwa kalula, izakhi ezicebile kanye nomphumela ohlukahlukene wokuphila, okuba yindawo entsha eshisayo emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.I-peptide ye-molecule encane ibonwe yi-National Doping Control Analysis Organization njengomkhiqizo ophephile ongawusebenzisa abasubathi, kanti i-People's Liberation Army Eighth One Industrial Brigade ithatha ama-peptide ama-molecule amancane.Ama-peptide ama-molecule amancane athathe indawo yemishayo yamandla esetshenziswa abasubathi esikhathini esidlule.Ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa kokuncintisana okunamandla, ukuphuza inkomishi yama-peptide ama-molecule amancane kungcono ukubuyisela ukuqina komzimba nokugcina impilo kunezinsimbi zamandla.Ikakhulukazi ngokulimala kwemisipha namathambo, umsebenzi wokulungisa wama-peptide ama-molecule amancane awunakushintshwa.